What is a hallmark of immune-related adverse events requiring multidisciplinary management?

• A. Non-infectious inflammatory organ toxicity (e.g., colitis, pneumonitis, hepatitis) that may require corticosteroids and specialist consultation.
• B. Bacterial infection.
• C. Allergic reaction only.
• D. Neurotoxicity.

Answer: (A)

Immune-related adverse events from cancer immunotherapy are immune-mediated inflammations that can affect any organ. Their hallmark is non-infectious inflammatory organ toxicity that often requires corticosteroids and input from multiple specialists. When organs such as the gut, lungs, or liver are involved—leading to colitis, pneumonitis, or hepatitis—the inflammation is driven by the immune system rather than infection. Treating these irAEs typically starts with steroids to dampen the immune response and involves coordinating care with relevant specialists (gastroenterology for colitis, pulmonology for pneumonitis, hepatology for hepatitis, etc.) to tailor management to the specific organ involved. Deciding whether to hold or resume immunotherapy and whether to escalate treatment depends on the toxicity’s severity and organ involvement, which is why a multidisciplinary approach is essential.