For extravasation of plant alkaloids such as vinblastine and vincristine, which agent is used as an antidote?

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Prepare for the ONS ONCC Chemotherapy Exam. Enhance your skills with multiple choice questions and detailed explanations. Ensure you're ready for certification renewal!

Multiple Choice

For extravasation of plant alkaloids such as vinblastine and vincristine, which agent is used as an antidote?

Explanation:
When a vesicant like vinblastine or vincristine leaks into surrounding tissue, the antidote used is hyaluronidase. Hyaluronidase breaks down hyaluronic acid in the extracellular matrix, increasing tissue permeability and allowing the extravasated drug to diffuse away from the injection site. This diffusion lowers the local concentration of the drug, reducing tissue toxicity and the risk of necrosis. Totect (dexrazoxane) is specific for anthracycline extravasation, not vinca alkaloids. Ice packs or warm compresses are supportive measures to manage symptoms but do not neutralize the drug or halt tissue damage like the enzyme does.

When a vesicant like vinblastine or vincristine leaks into surrounding tissue, the antidote used is hyaluronidase. Hyaluronidase breaks down hyaluronic acid in the extracellular matrix, increasing tissue permeability and allowing the extravasated drug to diffuse away from the injection site. This diffusion lowers the local concentration of the drug, reducing tissue toxicity and the risk of necrosis.

Totect (dexrazoxane) is specific for anthracycline extravasation, not vinca alkaloids. Ice packs or warm compresses are supportive measures to manage symptoms but do not neutralize the drug or halt tissue damage like the enzyme does.

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